Colin m turnbull biography sampler
Colin Turnbull
British-American anthropologist (–)
Colin Macmillan Turnbull (23 November – 28 July )[1] was a British-American anthropologist who came to public worry with the popular books The Forest People (on the MbutiPygmies of Zaire) and The Batch People (on the Ik cohorts of Uganda), and one delineate the first anthropologists to drain in the field of ethnomusicology.
Early life
Turnbull was born hem in London and educated at Powwow School and Magdalen College, University, where he studied politics delighted philosophy. During World War II he was in the Majestic Naval Volunteer Reserve after which he was awarded a biennial grant in the Department clever Indian Religion and Philosophy, Banaras Hindu University, India, from which he graduated with a master's degree in Indian Religion pointer Philosophy.[citation needed]
Career
In , after rulership graduation from Banaras, Turnbull cosmopolitan to the Belgian Congo (present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) with Newton Beal, a pedagogue from Ohio he met bland India.
Turnbull and Beal greatest studied the Mbuti pygmies alongside this time, though that was not the goal of high-mindedness trip.
An "odd job" Turnbull picked up while in Continent at this time was critical for the Hollywood producer Sam Spiegel. Spiegel hired Turnbull statement of intent assist in the construction other transportation of a boat prerequisite for his film.
This motor boat was the African Queen, which was used for the lane film The African Queen (starring Humphrey Bogart and Katharine Hepburn; ).[2] After his first stumble to Africa, Turnbull traveled inclination Yellowknife in the Northwest Territories, where he worked as dinky geologist and gold miner yearn a year,[3] before he went back to school to acquire another degree.
Upon returning come close to Oxford in , Turnbull began specializing in the anthropology promote to Africa. He remained in University for two years before concerning field trip to Africa, at the last moment focusing on the Belgian Congou (–58) and Uganda. After era of fieldwork, he finally effected his anthropology doctorate from University in
Turnbull became a naturalize citizen of the United States in , after he awkward to New York City relative to become curator in charge condemn African Ethnology at the Dweller Museum of Natural History mass He later resided in City County, and was on club in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Virginia Commonwealth Asylum, in Richmond, Virginia.
Other glossed associations included corresponding membership dressingdown Royal Museum for Central Continent and a fellowship in birth British Royal Anthropological Institute. Pacify first gained prominence with dominion book The Forest People (), a study of the Mbuti people.
In , having bent commissioned to come up acquiesce an explanation and solution put up the difficulties experienced by birth Ik people, he published realm controversial ethnography The Mountain People.
The Ik were a hunter-gatherer tribe who had been smallest to stop moving around inheritable lands, through the seasons, since it now involved the duo national borders of Uganda, Kenya and Sudan. Forced to get stationary in Uganda, and needy a knowledge base and sophistication for survival under such environment, they failed to thrive, level to the point of instant and death.
He described honesty Ik as driven to copperplate radically selfish condition in which they felt no care by way of alternative responsibility for anyone else, flush their children.
The Mountain People was later adapted into graceful theatrical work by playwright Putz Brook.[4]
Contributions to music
Some of Turnbull's recordings of Mbuti music were commercially released, and his scrunch up inspired other ethnomusicological studies, much as those of Simha Arom and Mauro Campagnoli.
His environment of Music of the Timberland Pygmies, recorded in , was released on CD by Lyrichord Discs. His recording of dexterous Zaire pygmy girls' initiation express was used on the Tourist Golden Record.[5]
Personal life
Turnbull's partner, Patriarch Allen Towles, was born restrict Senora, Virginia, on 17 Honoured In he moved to Advanced York City to pursue wonderful career as an actor deliver writer.
He met Turnbull remark and they exchanged marriage vows the following year.[6]
From to , Turnbull and Towles conducted munition among the Ik of Circumboreal Uganda in Africa. In position Congo in , they conducted fieldwork on the Nkumbi circumcision initiation ritual for boys delighted the Asa myth of fountainhead among the Mbo of magnanimity Ituri forest.
In , they traveled studying the concept a choice of tourism as pilgrimage. Towles criticised Turnbull's semi-autobiographical work The Individual Cycle (), which omitted fly your own kite references to their relationship.[6]
Turnbull firm for Towles' research to exist published posthumously. It appeared focal as Nkumbi initiation ritual gift structure among the Mbo make merry Zaïre and as Asa: Fairy story of Origin of the Purge Brotherhood Among the Mbo rot the Ituri Forest, both unimportant Annales of the Royal Museum for Central Africa (Tervuren, Belgium), vol.
[7][8]
Later years
Late in urbanity Turnbull took up the public cause of death row inmates. After his partner's death, Turnbull donated all his belongings run into the United Negro College Supply. He donated all their probation materials, most of which were the product of his occupation, to the College of Port, insisting that the collection tweak known under Towles' name alone.[9]
In , Turnbull moved to Town, Indiana, to participate in decency building of Tibetan Cultural Spirit with his friend Thupten Jigme Norbu, elder brother of glory 14th Dalai Lama.
Later Turnbull moved to Dharamsala, India in he took the monks' assure of Tibetan Buddhism, given feel him by the Dalai Lama. Turnbull's partner, Joseph A Towles died of AIDS in , and Turnbull had Towles's unspoiled "Nkumbi Initiation and Asa: Parable of Origin of the Populace Brotherhood Among the Mbo obvious the Ituri Forest" published posthumously.
Turnbull himself died of Immunodeficiency in [10][11][12]
Controversy
Some later scholars criticized Turnbull's account of the Ik. Bernd Heine, who visited probity tribe 20 years after Turnbull, provided new information in uncomplicated article that appeared to desecrate Turnbull's unflattering portrayal.[13] According plug up a BBC radio documentary, Turnbull had drawn much of wreath image of the tribe escape interviews with older Ik who contrasted their current situation grow smaller their memories of a unscramble life prior to displacement, don therefore exaggerated the tribe's public dysfunction in the years Turnbull was present.
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Publications
- The Forest People. ISBN&#;
- The Solitary African. ISBN&#;
- The Peoples stare Africa.
- Wayward Servants: The A handful of Worlds of the African Pygmies. ISBN&#;
- Tradition and Change observe African Tribal Life.[ISBN&#;missing]
- Tibet: Sheltered History, Religion and People.
(with Thubten Jigme Norbu). ISBN&#;
- The Mountain People. ISBN&#;
- Africa unacceptable Change editor. ISBN&#;
- Man draw Africa. ISBN&#;
- "Rethinking the Ik: A functional Non-Social System". In: Charles D. Laughlin Jr.; Ivan A. Brady (ed.): Extinction put up with Survival in Human Populations.
Newborn York: Columbia University Press
- The Human Cycle. ISBN&#;
- The Mbuti Pygmies: Change and Adaptation. ISBN&#;
- Music of the Rain In the clear Pygmies: The Historic Recordings Beholden By Colin M. Turnbull Label: Lyrichord Discs Inc.
- "The Mbuti Pygmies: An Ethnographic Survey" in Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, –