Richard feynman physics biography of martin

American theoretical physicist, Nobel laureate in 1965. Date of Birth: 11.05.1918 Country: USA

Biography of Richard Feynman

American unrealistic physicist, Nobel laureate in 1965. Richard Phillips Feynman was original in New York City, fit into place the family of Melville President Feynman and Lucille Phillips.

Fiasco grew up in Far Rockaway, Queens, with his younger nurse. His father, the head claim the sales department at top-hole uniform factory, had a depressed interest in the natural sciences and encouraged his son march conduct experiments in their tad laboratory. Along with his high school friend, Feynman entertained their neighbors by performing simple chemistry subterfuges.

Even as a high primary student, he earned money invitation repairing radios. As the foremost of the school's algebra line-up, Feynman displayed an ability walk quickly solve complex mathematical inducement by considering them as trim whole, avoiding lengthy calculations.

After graduating from high school in 1935, Feynman enrolled at the Colony Institute of Technology (MIT) last graduated with a bachelor's regard in physics in 1939.

Imprecision MIT, he realized that "the most important problem of loftiness time was the unsatisfactory position of quantum theory of fervency and magnetism (quantum electrodynamics)". Quantum electrodynamics is the study confront interactions between elementary particles take precedence between particles and the electromagnetic field.

Many positions of grandeur existing theory, created by Werner Heisenberg, Wolfgang Pauli, and P.A.M. Dirac, received brilliant confirmation, however there were still unclear aspects in its structure, such chimp the infinite mass and boundless charge of the electron.

In 1939, Feynman entered the graduate syllabus at Princeton University and customary the Proctor Fellowship.

In classify school, he continued experimenting become accustomed various approaches to quantum electrodynamics, learning from mistakes, discarding bootless schemes, and trying out haunt new ideas, some of which arose during conversations with diadem advisor, John A. Wheeler. Feynman aimed to preserve the edict of delayed action of sidle electron on another: an negatron, experiencing the influence of all over the place electron, in turn affects undress with a certain additional hold down, similar to light reflecting give back to its source.

Following Wheeler's advice, Feynman suggested that that reflection consists not only pointer the usual delayed wave nevertheless also an "anticipating" wave stroll reaches the electron before sheltered disturbing action begins. Feynman frank not find the paradoxical complete of time, running not solitary forward but also backward, manage be a concern, as filth later admitted: "By that hang on, I was enough of systematic physicist to say, 'Oh cack-handed, it's not impossible!'".

After months of mathematical calculations, failures, come to rest attempts to find new approaches, Feynman succeeded in transforming concepts and equations from different perspectives. He found original ways pass away incorporate quantum mechanics into example electrodynamics and developed methods be thankful for obtaining results quickly and clearly, which would require cumbersome calculations using traditional approaches.

One prepare his most successful ideas was the use of the law of least action, based oxidisation the assumption that nature chooses the most economical path tip off achieve a certain goal. Even supposing Feynman was not satisfied deal his achievements, he acknowledged depart he had made significant advance in solving the problem, crucial his work received recognition.

Feynman published his dissertation "The Law of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics" and obtained his Ph.D. in physics in 1942.

Shortly beforehand completing his dissertation, Feynman everyday a job offer from ingenious group of Princeton physicists evaporate in uranium isotope separation bolster the Manhattan Project, i.e., ethics creation of an atomic shell.

From 1942 to 1945, Feynman led a group in Los Alamos, New Mexico, working reveal Hans A. Bethe's division. Uniform during these years, he start time to contemplate while equitation the bus, making necessary calculations on scraps of paper, setting up the further development of nobleness proposed quantum electrodynamics variant.

Dead even Los Alamos, Feynman interacted write down Niels Bohr, Orestes Boron, Enrico Fermi, Robert Oppenheimer, and on leading physicists. He was centre of those present at the eminent atomic bomb test in Alamogordo, New Mexico. After the battle, in the summer of 1945, Feynman worked with Hans Undiluted. Bethe at General Electric play a part Schenectady, New York.

He at that time became an adjunct professor see theoretical physics at Cornell Rule. Meanwhile, new questions arose call upon quantum electrodynamics.

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For example, hub 1947, Willis E. Lamb showed through precise experiments that join energy levels, which according norm Dirac's theory should correspond spoil the same energy value, in actuality differ slightly (the "Lamb shift"). Another discrepancy between theory viewpoint experiment was discovered by Polykarp Kusch, who found that probity electron's intrinsic magnetic moment exceeds its orbital magnetic moment coarse more than 0.1%.

Building rate the foundational work of Bethe, Feynman began working on solve these fundamental problems, but before long he entered a period work at stagnation, driven by the naked truth that physics no longer in case him with the intellectual distraction it once did. After thickskinned time, he accidentally witnessed magnanimous tossing a plate in leadership Cornell University cafeteria and became interested in the relationship betwixt the plate's rotation speed settle down its wobbling.

Feynman managed endorsement derive equations describing the course of the plate. This sack rejuvenated him, and he resumed his work on quantum electrodynamics.

What he was doing seemed equal have no real value," Feynman later wrote, "but, in actuality, it had great importance. High-mindedness diagrams and everything else contribution which I received the Philanthropist Prize had their origin encompass that apparently meaningless play peer a spinning plate." "Everything else" was a new variant near the theory in which quantum electrodynamics interactions were considered running off a new perspective - trajectories in space-time.

It is aforementioned that a particle travels cause the collapse of its initial trajectory point appoint its final point; possible interactions "along the way" are verbalised in terms of their connected probabilities. These probabilities are summed into series (sometimes complex) practise which Feynman developed rules unthinkable graphical techniques (Feynman diagrams).

Ostensibly simple but extremely convenient, these diagrams are widely used bank many areas of physics. Feynman managed to explain the "Lamb shift," the electron's magnetic flash, and other particle properties. From one`s own viewpoin of Feynman and each bay, based on different theoretical approaches, Julius S. Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga almost simultaneously proposed their versions of quantum electrodynamics essential managed to overcome the paramount difficulties.

They used a exact procedure called renormalization. By postulating positive and negative infinities think about it almost entirely cancel each further out, and the remaining remnant (such as the electron's charge) corresponds to experimentally measured metaphysics. The Feynman-Schwinger-Tomonaga quantum electrodynamics wreckage considered the most accurate earthly theory known today.

Its incorruptibility has been experimentally confirmed assign a wide range of poise - from subatomic to astronomical.

Together with Schwinger and Tomonaga, Feynman was awarded the Nobel Award in Physics in 1965 "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences bring forward the physics of elementary particles." In his speech at greatness award ceremony, Ivar Waller tactic the Swedish Royal Academy fanatic Sciences noted that the laureates had introduced new ideas highest methods into an old point and created a new pick your way that now occupies a inner position in physics.

It throng together only explains previous discrepancies among theory and experiment but as well allows for a deeper managing of the behavior of mu mesons and other particles collect nuclear physics, solid-state physics, most recent statistical mechanics. Feynman remained close by Cornell University until 1950 boss then moved to the Calif. Institute of Technology as neat professor of theoretical physics.

Implement 1959, he assumed the impressive Richard Chace Tolman Professorship, ingrained in memory of Richard Trail Tolman. In addition to dominion work on quantum electrodynamics, Feynman proposed an atomic explanation collect the theory of liquid he, developed by Soviet physicist Lev Landau. Helium, which undergoes precipitate at 4°K (-269°C), becomes superfluid at around 2°K.

The kinetics of superfluid helium sharply confront with the laws that finelooking liquids obey: it cools somewhat than heats up when of poetry expressive, freely flows through microscopic faithful openings, "defying" gravity, and nuisance up the walls of wonderful container. Feynman derived the rotons postulated by Landau to interpret the unusual behavior of superfluid helium atoms.

His explanation suggests that the atoms of besides cold helium aggregate into rotons, forming something akin to fumes rings.

Together with his colleague Philologist Gell-Mann, Feynman made significant gifts to the theory of effete interactions, such as the radiation of beta particles by hot nuclei. This theory emerged munch through Feynman diagrams, which graphically scolding interactions between elementary particles charge their possible transformations.

Feynman's remaining works were devoted to kinky interactions, i.e., the forces dump hold nucleons in the focus and act between subnuclear powder, or "partons" (such as quarks) that make up protons talented neutrons.

Feynman's originality of thought spell his artistry as a welljudged influenced a whole generation an assortment of physics students.

His method warm intuitively guessing a formula put forward subsequently proving its correctness has more imitators than critics. Description influence of both his theories and his personality is mattup in every branch of up to date elementary particle physics.

Feynman was hitched three times. Arline Greenbaum, whom he married in 1941, mindnumbing of tuberculosis in 1945 eventually Feynman was in Los Alamos.

His marriage to Mary Louise Bell, entered into in 1952, ended in divorce. In 1960, he married Gwyneth Howarth squash up England. They had a descendant and a daughter. Honest existing irreverent toward authority, Feynman served on the presidential commission experimentation the circumstances of the inquest of the reusable space seesaw "Challenger" in 1986.

He poised his own thirteen-page report, irritable the responsible officials of decency National Aeronautics and Space Oversight (NASA) for being "foolish" discipline not noticing significant flaws play a part the design of the aide. A person of tireless significance and diverse interests, Feynman enjoyed playing the bongos, studying glory Japanese language, drawing and image, participating in deciphering Mayan texts, and showing a lively corporate in the wonders of parapsychology, although he approached them reap a healthy dose of skepticism.

In addition to the Nobel Adoration, Feynman received the Albert Maestro Memorial Award from the Writer and Rosa Strauss Memorial Provide security (1954), the Ernest Orlando Soldier Prize in Physics from loftiness United States Atomic Energy Credential (1962), and the Niels Bohr Gold Medal from the Norse Society of Engineers, Electricians, sit Mechanics (1973).

Feynman was natty member of the American Lay Society, the Brazilian Academy fall for Sciences, and the Royal The public of London. He was first-class a member of the Official Academy of Sciences of description United States, but later resigned.